In this research, the role of Border markets on the sense of security of Border villagers in Baneh city has been investigated. The method used in this study was qualitative using a typical case study and focus groups. Findings show that cross-Border exchanges and cross-Border trade have played an important role in improving the living conditions of Border residents and and helped the residents to improve their lives both economically and socially.With the creation of bazaars, according to the people and the officials, the number of smugglers who endanger the security of the people has been reduced to some extent. In terms of investment and inclination to economic and commercial activities with people across the Border, we have seen an increasing trend, but productive investment has not been made in the region, which is one of the weaknesses of creating those markets. The feeling of financial security compared to the period before the establishment of the bazaar has been increasing and has also had a positive impact on reducing unrest in the region and reducing crime within villages and Border areas. But the sense of security in Border and Culbary traffic has diminished, and law enforcement policies need to be revised to some extent in favor of Culbarha and small businesses. In the initial goals of the formation of cross-Border exchanges, economic development and healthy employment, these decisions have been prominent, but the effectiveness of markets in other areas, including urban areas, has been greater than rural Border areas.

the wide scope of crisis and social , economic and cultural damages in the neighborhood " around the importance of studying the phenomenon of women 's security and representation of their experiences of insecurity is necessary .the analysis of the narratives of women about the security and social factors of their lived experience and their various aspects of the issue of insecurity among the marginalized women is the subject of this study .this research with approach and in paradigm seeks to recognize the social world of actors and their construction of security and phenomenology of insecurity ; that is , understanding , interpretation and representation of the phenomenon of security in subjects and people involved in this event have been studied .the sampling of this research is based on purposive sampling and the researcher has interviewed 29 women of women between 16 to 65 years of lived experience with lived experience in deep and semi - structured interviews .in this study , we tried to select subjects with maximum diversity in demographic characteristics such as age , sex , employment status , education , marital status and children .thematic analysis was performed by thematic method .the findings indicate that there are a variety of including : insecurity in social , sexual , criminal , family , law enforcement , economic , food , psychological , , urban , environment - health , health and treatment , health and treatment , interactions and feeling insecure toward the future .

Establishment of Border markets is one of the most well-known methods of economic development of Border areas, which has been able to create a dramatic change in production, employment, stabilization of Border population, increase in income, and ultimately development and sustainable security in these areas. The present study examines the role of Mahirood Border market in the security of Nehbandan Border region. This study is of an applied research type and descriptive-analytical. Its statistical population includes all exhibitors, merchants, workers, employees of the private and public sectors in the Mahirood Border market, and local trustees of the region (N=100) in 2019, all of whom were questioned. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined with Cronbach's alpha and was estimated to be 0. 88 for the whole questionnaire. Face validity was employed to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire using the opinions of experts. The data were collected and analyzed using SPSS 24 software. According to the findings of the statistical population, Mahirood Border market has achieved its goals, which is to achieve Border security in Nehbandan region, by 51%, and people believe that the goals of the market have been achieved. These statistics show the positive role of the market in the Border area for the people. In other words, all research hypotheses regarding the role of Mahirood Border market activity in the realization of Border security of Nehbandan region in different dimensions of development and stabilization of residents (82%), reduction of migration (92%) and expansion of regional infrastructure (85%) had a significant effect and have been confirmed. Accordingly, the major policies of the Islamic Republic in the development of Border markets have been achieved with the aim of creating sustainable security in Border areas, so it is necessary to expand this policy, of course, in accordance with the principle of using local forces and export development in other sectors.

Since Border areas are one of the most sensitive points in the country, recognizing the impact of Islamic Border guarding management factors on the security of these areas is one of the most important points in understanding security vulnerabilities for preventing any anti-security tensions and actions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Border management on Border security with the Islamic Border guarding approach in Piranshahr city. In terms of its objectives and nature of the problem this study is of an applied research type, and in terms of research method it is considered as a survey research. The statistical population includes the Border guards of Piranshahr city in 2019 with 645 individuals. The sample size was set at 241 individuals according to Cochran's table. The data were collected f using a questionnaire, whose face and content validity was confirmed by experts and the construct validity was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis; the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. SPSS 23 and Smart PLS statistical software were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that Border guarding has a direct and significant effect on Border guarding from the Quran's point of view with a path coefficient of 0. 792, Border guarding from the point of view of narrations and Islamic rules with a coefficient of 0. 774, and Border guarding from the point of view of Nahj al-Balagha with a path coefficient of 0. 669. As a result, Border management has a positive and significant effect on Border security with an Islamic approach.

Hydropolitics is the study of the role of water in the relations of countries in four scales: local, national, regional and global. With 26 Border rivers and the dependence of about 30% of the country's population on the water of the common watersheds, Iran is among the countries that are heavily influenced by the hydropolitical developments and changes of the Border rivers. In the meantime, the security of the Border areas is more affected due to being located in the peripheral areas as well as the strong dependence on the water of the Border rivers. This research with qualitative method and descriptive-analytical approach and by applying Delphi methods and using ArcGis software in order to draw maps to investigate the hydropolitics of Border rivers of the country, indicators and components affecting it and Also, risk and strategic indicators have been discussed.The findings of the research show that the most important security-regular consequences of the hydropolitics of Border rivers on Border areas are in environmental, economic, political, social and cultural dimensions and include ethnic tensions on both sides of the Border, smuggling, joining gangs. Terrorism and ethnic and political divergence, migration, reduction of agriculture, growth of poverty in Border areas and as a result increase in crime, increase in the cost of security, conflict over water, increase in marginalization, air pollution, drying up of wetlands, respiratory problems and environmental destruction. It is in the Border areas.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of climate change on the Border security of Thalassa Babajani villages. The study area consists of 11 villages of Salas Babajani city with a population of over 2500 people. 333 questionnaires were designed using Cochran formula. The research method was a descriptive-analytic and statistical questionnaire. The results showed that the impacts of climate change were firstly on food security and consequently security in the Border villages of Thales Babajani so that most of the population in the study area were concerned about climate change such as flood and drought. Forced to change their livelihoods due to lack of food. The results also showed that with climate change, some former farmers have moved to their village boundaries for daily livelihoods due to climate change and food scarcity, which could in the future be the third Border region and its villages. Serious challenges lead to insecurity. Because these people will face the same dangers as engaging in Border guards between the two countries, Iran will result in the risk of death for those who were once farmers or ranchers and the security of the area would also be compromised.

security is important in Border areas, especially in Border areas. At present, issues related to the sustainable security of Border areas are very important because they threaten national security in the event of any Border disputes and insecurity in these areas. What can affect the security of Border areas is identifying the factors that affect it and trying to overcome the challenges and strengthen opportunities. In recent years, the Sardasht Border region has witnessed an increase in smuggling of goods and anti-militant groups, which has led to insecurity in the region. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the promotion of sustainable security in the Border city of Sardasht. The research method is descriptive-analytical based on survey. The statistical population of the study is experts and experts related to the subject of security, which is the sample size of 35 people using the snowball method. The analysis method is based on SWOT strategic model. The results show that the security situation in the Border region of Sardasht is in an aggressive state of SO. Among the components of the strengths of "the existence of Border markets", "accurate and strong supervision of the police and Border guards at the city limits" as the factors affecting the promotion of security in the Border city of Sardasht have the greatest impact. Also, "the spread of smuggling and its negative feedback on security", "unequal development and at the same time Border security infrastructure" are some of the weaknesses of this region. Among the opportunities were "media performance and increased security", "the existence of a common language and religion of residents on both sides of the Border", and among the threats, "the gap between people and officials", "the spread of smuggling" had the greatest impact. They promote sustainable security.

In every country, the most fundamental differences are inequality in economic opportunities, nature, language, identity and history. Once these spatial differences are profound and the people of the underdeveloped places become aware about these facts as the reasons of their shares in national participation, they create tensions for the government and hence; the feeling of regionalism becomes stronger against nationalism. Recently, Borders are the manifestation of the crisis in the issues related to the national security. In case of striking Border differences, national security is being threatened intensely. The importance of Borders or Border regions necessitates security and in order to create Border security, the roles of the ethnic groups there become utmost important.From the ethnic point of view, Iran is a diverse country. Here, the features distinguishing nationalities from one another are concentrated on lingual, religious and ethnic aspects. In Iran, nations are scattered as minority groups in the Border regions and provinces. Five Iranian nations of the Border regions and the adjacent countries with common languages took up these grounds for the emergence of the ethnic crisis at the Border points. Indices like having official language, local Radio and Television, request to take part in the power-struggle or participation in the local elections mean that different Iranian nations including Azeri, Kurd, Balooch, Turkmen and Arabs have reached to the maximum self- awareness hence; they demand the central government to lay out proper ethnic policies and strategies. Considering their self-awareness, if the government adopts particular policies and lead them towards national participation, their national identities would be strengthened too.

Background and Aim: Countries use different methods to ensure the security of Borders and their management and control. The creation, prosperity and prosperity of Border bazaars, as a suitable solution, has a great impact on the security of Border areas, and closing them is also the cause of various security challenges in these areas. Following this necessity, this article aims to investigate the strategy of Border bazaars for the basic and stable security of people in Border areas. Methodology: The research method in this descriptive research is an analysis done through library studies and in-depth interviews with experts. The statistical population in this research was the experts in the field of Faraja Border Patrol, and based on the results, the answers reached convergence after 18 interviews. Results: Using content and evidence analysis, the strategy of Border markets through three components "economic", "security-administrative" and "political-social-cultural" including 21 indicators in the people-based and stable security of the Border, explained and as the findings of this The research was explained. Conclusion: The creation and development of Border markets, while promoting economic security, leads to a fundamental change in production and employment, stabilization of the Border population and prevention of goods smuggling, which ultimately leads to the establishment, maintenance and development of security with a positive effect on the Border security function. It has become stable and popular in the Border areas. Extended Abstract Introduction One of the challenges facing countries in Border areas is the issue of Border area security. New perspectives in the field of security of Border areas emphasize the sustainable development strategy of the Border. Dealing with sustainable Border security is important because the link between sustainable security and development is inevitable, and the development of Border areas is a sure solution to solve the problems and dilemmas of Border areas. Therefore, all the factors affecting the order and security of the Border, including employment and a healthy Border economy, are also important and have a very effective place in the security of Border cities. In this regard, one of the effective factors in the economic security and development of social relations of the Border residents and consequently the establishment of stable and people-based internal security in the Border cities is the discussion of "Border markets", which this research emphasizes on its positive effects on a healthy Border economy and Social relations between Border residents have been developed. Therefore, the main question of the research is proposed as follows: "What is the strategy of the Border bazaars in the establishment of stable security and people-based security in the Border areas?"   Methodology The current research is applied in terms of type, the method of carrying it out is qualitative and the approach used is also exploratory using the tool of interviewing experts, reviewing the background and theoretical literature of the research, which tries to provide a conceptual and proposed model, the strategy of Border markets in the establishment Explain the stable security and the people-based security in the Border areas. Sampling in this article is purposeful sampling based on theoretical saturation. Therefore, according to the obtained results, the interviews were stopped after interviewing 18 senior managers of police-Border, political and socio-cultural fields with at least 5 years of service experience in Border provinces. Also, the formal and content validity of the components and indicators of the proposed model has been measured and confirmed based on the opinion of experts and with the Delphi method through two groups of 6 and 9 people.   Results and discussion The formation of a Border market is the result of a closed economy with cumbersome export and import laws. In the current situation, many countries in the world have opened their economic and commercial space in the regional alliance and are trying to join the world trade. However, the establishment of Border markets is effective in creating economic balance and regional and local prosperity, and it can be effective in removing the deprivation of Border areas, leading to the improvement of stable Border security. The Border areas of the country have been deprived of facilities due to the geographical distance from the service centres and are often considered backward areas. Therefore, the creation of Border bazaars in a correct and principled way and their comprehensive control can be useful in the prosperity of these areas and, consequently, in improving the stable security and people-based security of the Borders.   Conclusion One of the most important issues affecting the security of Border areas is the economic development of those areas. One of the most well-known methods of economic development in these regions is the creation of Border markets, which can create a fundamental change in production, and employment, stabilizing the Border population, increasing income, preventing goods smuggling, and finally developing security. The presence of these bazaars in the Border areas due to the vastness of the Border strip and the inaccessibility of many of its areas, as well as the facilities created by the establishment of Border bazaars, will reduce the motivation of goods smuggling, civil development and development, prosperity and growth of handicraft exports and Industrial artefacts, the prosperity of agriculture and animal husbandry sectors, etc. lead to the establishment of stable security and people-based security in the Border areas.     Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cultural components of the Border residents and its role in sustainable security of Kermanshah Border areas. According to the hypothesis, there is a significant relationship between the cultural components of the Border residents and the sustainable security of the Border areas. The present study was conducted by the method (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section included experts and specialists aware of the research topic. Snow ball method is the sampling method in the qualitative section, which reached a theoretical consensus with 30 elites and experts. A small part of the statistical population is included citizens of the Border areas of Kermanshah province. According to initial estimates, the number of these people was 540. Semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires are used to collect data. The coding analysis method was used to identify and prioritize the cultural components and sustainable Border security. Also, SPSS software was used in the quantitative part of the study. The results show that sustainable Border security from the respondents' point of view has 19 semantic parts in six common categories, included "economic security", "social security", "political security", "environmental security", "military security" and "cultural security". On the other hand, the cultural dimensions of the Border residents were the six dimensions of "participation and cooperation", "cultural cohesion", "two-way interaction", "insight and awareness", "ideology" and "chivalry". Correlation matrices between cultural categories and sustainable Border security show that there is a significant and direct relationship between each of the components of this matrix. It can be said that the two categories of the core of sustainable Border security and the six cultural components of Border residents are interrelated; if a two-way interaction takes place between these components, social order will be formed in the Borders and the Border residents will witness a kind of sustainable security.